Selvadurai Shyam Funny Boy Essay free essay sample

Gender exploration in Funny Boy Funny Boy is a story of a seven year old innocent Sri Lankan boy. The story is narrated through the eyes of Arjie who is naively experimenting with is gender. The writer portrays Arjie to be little odd and different from the other boys of his age. While other Sri Lankan boys his age like to play cricket, he likes to put on a sari and play bride-bride with his sister and female cousins. In this essay will analyze the importance of Janaki’s room in Arjie’s identity and his quest to search for his true gender. For Arjie, Janaki’s room was a place of transformation which let him explores his freedom; ascend into a different fantasy world, a world which is beautiful, more brilliant. It is this room which transforms him into who he truly wants to be and to emulate his Amma who was his inspiration through different fantasy games, such as bride-bride. We will write a custom essay sample on Selvadurai Shyam Funny Boy Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is apparent throughout the story that Arjie is innocently exploring his gender and identity and has found strong inclination of comfort towards female gender which author makes reference to subtly as is stated in the text, â€Å"it was to this territory of the girls confined to the back garden and the kitchen porch that I seem to have gravitated naturally†¦. † (Selvadurai 3) Janaki’s room provided him with the opportunity to be with the girls and feel like one of them. He felt in his element playing games of fantasy like Cinderella and Thumbelina and most importantly bride-bride, his favourite, for which the much anticipated and intriguing preparations took place in Janaki’s room. His young, curious and imaginative mind wants to explore what is unknown to him and want to push the boundary by experimenting with fantasies, e. g. â€Å"For me the primary attraction of the girls’ territory was the potential for free play of fantasy† (Selvadurai 3). This enactment of fantasies also led him to a different world in which he could see himself transform into a figure that that was very beautiful and graceful. Janaki’s room, which is under the territory called â€Å"the girls† located in back portion of the house plays a pivotal role in Arjie’s fantasy world. It is this room that enabled him to explore his transformation into a personality he fanaticises. It is Janaki’s room that this transformation painstakingly takes place of a young boy into a bride that he aspires to be e. . â€Å"and my ultimate moment of joy, was when I put on the clothes of the bride† (Selvadurai 4). This transformation into a bride subconsciously serves two purposes, one of which was to emulate his Amma who was his inspiration as stated â€Å"†¦. for even though I adored the goddess of the local cinema, Amma was the final statement in female beauty for me. † (Selvadurai 15) He observes his Amma getting dressed fo r special occasions with extreme focus and enthusiasm, consuming each detail of the ritual. Through enacting the central character of bride-bride, he is able to emulate those steps. Secondly this transformation provided him with the ability to be what he really wants to be which is not restricted by his physical being as stated by the author, â€Å"I was able to leave the constraints of myself and ascend into another, more brilliant, more beautiful self, a self to whom this day was dedicated, around whom the world, represented by my cousins putting flowers in my hair, draping the palu, seemed to revolve. (Selvadurai 4-5) Apart from his feminine side, Arjie, like the male dominant society he was living in, has a hunger for control and leadership, it is in back garden and Janaki’s room where his huger for leadership, attention seeking tactics are used and put to test, time and time again. It is evident he likes to be a leader to achieve the role which will ultimately let him to fulfill his fantasies, e. g. â€Å"The reward of my leadership was that I always got to pl ay the main part in the fantasy† (Selvadurai 4). As influential as he was, Arjie is also the attention seeker. This is prominent after losing the power struggle with Tanuja, when he is given the most insignificant role of the groom and was asked to pretend to be at an office. Not giving up on his idea of being central character, he devises a clever methodology and starts a new game of office-office where is assigning different office task to female cousins, proving yet again that he is the leader and central character around which everyone should revolve as they did earlier in all of the other fantasy plays. Janaki’s room has a very important role in Arji’s young life. It led him to a journey where he could find his identity and to search him true gender. A journey which would let him emulate his aspiration and let him ascend into a world that is more brilliant and beautiful. While doing all this, he was in control of every facet of fantasy games that they played and always remained a central character. Work Cited Selvadurai, Shyam, â€Å"Pigs Can’t Fly. † Funny Boy. Toronto: McClelland amp; Stewart, Inc. , 1994. 1-40. Print.

The Story of the Tea Party V essays

The Story of the Tea Party V essays When thinking of the Revolutionary War and our nations founding heros, names such as George Washington, John Hancock, James Madison, and Samuel Adams tend to come to mind. Although these men were great contributors, they were also of high rank, high education, and high society. Many of the commonplace individuals that also took part tend to be overlooked. In The Shoemaker and the Tea Party, Alfred F. Young tells the story of one of these ordinary individuals- George Twelve Hewes, and explores his involvement in the Boston Tea Party and the Revolution. Between the years 1768 and 1775 Hewes became an active Boston participant in the events that led to the Revolution. Several important factors led to his involvement. First, The presence of British troops in Boston beginning in the summer of 1768- four thousand soldiers in a town of fewer than sixteen thousand inhabitants- touched Hewes personally. (36) These soldiers occupied civilian buildings near Hewes shop, and bullied the townspeople after curfew. Hewes was also personally cheated by a soldier, and witnessed a soldier raping a Boston woman. This in and of itself left a bitter mind-set towards the British troops existence in Boston, with more infuriating events to come. From Hawkes and Thatcher three (additional) causes can be pieced together.(37) On February 23, a large crowd of schoolboys and apprentices were picketing the shop of Theophilus Lilly.(37) Eleven-year-old Christopher Seider was shot and killed by a customs informer, Ebenezer Richardson. This event outraged the people of Boston. Second, Hewes called attention to the bitter fight two days before the Massacre between soldiers and workers down the block from Hewess shop. During this fight, the soldiers were beaten and wanted revenge. Third, the precipitating events on the night of the Massacre, by Hewess account, were an attempt by a barb...

The good the bad and the ugly parts of being a nursing assistant in Essay

The good the bad and the ugly parts of being a nursing assistant in long term care - Essay Example The Good: Lucky to know the patients and residents better. The amount of information sharing, if time permits, about past experiences, adventures, achievements, failures etc. are enriching the life of a CNA as a listener simultaneously encouraging the other side of reviving the past or relieving the suffering. Listening is the best counseling. The difference you can make in someones life! The shift meetings, specific duties, routines, recording the vital signs, escorting patients, mobility support, assisting with eating meals etc. all hold good. The Bad: Waking up the patients or residents, helping with dressing, bathroom, errands, severe mood or depression, injury, arguments, non-co-operative patients, and extreme physical and emotional demands as well as recording activities and incidents is at times unpleasant. The Ugly: The evening routine of changing residents into pajamas, personal hygiene, bathroom visits, changing diapers, emptying bedpans and the emotional stress of seeing a patient or resident dying, one feels at times, unpalatable. Conclusion: As a CNA I laugh, visit, and console patients and residents and I enjoy my work. As Suzanne Sweezy (2010) rightly said, â€Å"CNA description is not one filled with fast paced excitement or overly appreciative supervisors† but if you ask me if I enjoy being a CNA, then the answer is always a resounding

Doesn't matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Doesn't matter - Essay Example The two party system limits more party entrances and thus limits flexibility on the part of the decision making process. However, based on public policy, the system promotes transparency with regard to use of public resources where both parties are accountable. In consideration of the various stakeholders in the policy process, the system though limited in representation is able to diffuse resources effectively without external interference. Democracy is essential since the voters have been empowered to choose whoever they want and thus the governance represents what the voters chose. To some extent, the growth and influence of the independent voter is constructive because it represents the type of governor they want. If good, then the voter has played a good role in being informed and choosing a good leader which is constructive to govern. However, the growth of the independent voter might have been out of coercion or incentive which may influence the decision making and eventually poor leadership. This translates to bad policy process where resources may be utilized by the few elite. Growth and influence of private corporations are a challenge to governance in that it has raised interest groups as a form of government. As a result it has led to corruption, mismanagement and collusion of regulation and enforcement. Apart from that the interest groups may have led to proper representations and thus good policy for the public interests. The influence of lobbyists is constructive to govern and may still pose a threat. Lobby groups such as AARP and NRAhave been known to raise chaos and eliminate people from office or being voted in. They are also responsible for equitable distribution of resources to the marginalized regions thus promoting good governance and better policy for the public good. They have promoted problem identification, intervention strategies, implementation and evaluation with regard to

Report Dance of Life Popular Culture and Music in the Modern World Essay

Report Dance of Life Popular Culture and Music in the Modern World - Essay Example In so far as music is the focus f this study, it is the contents f popular songs that structure the main arguments, specifically, the political motivations reflected in, and further generated by these songs as they are created, performed, and consumed in varying ways by different social agents. The first chapter is exemplary in its theoretical breadth, incorporating varying discursive modes from Frankfurt theorists, Birmingham School f Cultural Studies, ethnomusicology, media, and popular music' studies. Lockard drawls on different ethnographic examples to substantiate his discussion f the popular culture phenomenon in the contexts f modernity, post-imperialism, and technological mediation. He defines "popular music" as a musical phenomenon that is "disseminated largely by the mass media", and that functions as a social commodity, the production and distribution f which depends on "a clientele able and willing to purchase the commodity" (pp. 18-19). This chapter explores the current situation f popular music studies and examines the significance f such studies (or the lack f it). More importantly, it summarizes the prevailing academic trends in popular music and popular culture research, and serves as an excellent introduction to this field f cultural studies. Book's first chapter is a survey f a variety f philosophical approaches to popular music. Lockard views popular culture as an arena f contradiction and struggle, and potentially, f resistance; he rejects the Frankfurt School's view that it is too standardized and degraded to be f value. The first chapter alone has 212 notes. This density f documentation at times makes for choppy reading, especially in paragraphs that career through several disjointed subjects. Though Lockard has taken pains to discover all f the English-language academic studies f the region's music, he also relies on many journalistic accounts from newspapers, weekly news magazines, and consumer guides to world music. These sources are uneven in quality and often anecdotal in their coverage, and they lack detailed documentation. Further, the nature f the Western press is to seek subjects that are interesting (i.e., outlandish or confrontational) but have a glimmer f familiarity to their audience--topics like teenager rebellion or a third-world Dylan. Lockard provides a well-informed social context in each chapter, and illuminates the historical and contemporary political junctures that have characterized each country from approximately the 1940s to the present. With this rich contextual background, he then proceeds to trace the historical significance f various popular music forms, such as the Kroncong and Dangdut in Indonesia, Pinoy in the Philippines. He pays particular attention to the emergence f the mass media and state control f the media in each country, and also explores various political movements in which musicians played decisive roles. In the process, Lockard examines the social complex created by the intersection f popular music, dictatorship, regionalism, nationalism, religion, mass mediation, and cultural imperialism. Lockard's narrative analyses popular music in local and transnational contexts,

Case study of bipolar disorder sufferer

Case study of bipolar disorder sufferer People with bipolar disorder have extreme mood swings (symptoms). They can go from feeling as if they are on top of the world, hyperactive, creative, and grandiose- mania to feeling very sad, despairing, helpless, worthless, and hopeless -depression. This disease is called bipolar disorder because the mood of a person with bipolar disorder can alternate between two completely opposite poles, euphoric happiness and extreme sadness. The extremes of mood usually occur in cycles, in between these mood swings, people with bipolar disorder are able to function normally, hold a job, and have a normal family life. The episodes of mood swings tend to become closer together with age. When a person is in the grip of this disease, chaos can occur. Bipolar disorder can cause major disruption of family and finances, loss of job, and marital problems. In Jims case he becomes completely dependant of his parents. Because of the extreme and risky behaviour that goes with bipolar disorder, it is very important that the disorder be identified. With proper and early diagnosis, this mental condition can be treated. Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that will require proper management for the duration of a persons life. Jim is in his mid fifths and he still live with his parents, whose are in their late seventies. He is the only child and his parents overprotect him over the years owing to that he became completely de-skilled, dis-empowered and total dependant. He is not able to negotiate and he was not included in family discussions to show his opinion. The only way that he has to show that he is not happy is by screaming and crying. Jim definitely also suffers from Eternal child syndrome, also know as Peter Pan syndrome, and is to blame his parents who been treated him like a child all his life. Psychologists warn that overprotective parents can be responsible for this disorder as this prevents them from developing necessary skills to confront life. Jim chronologically grows older but in truth he has not grown up. Like Peter Pan he breaks societal norms to serve their own purposes and do not care much for the feelings and rights of his parents. He wants all the power but is not willing to share the responsibilities, not ready to sacrifice and reject moral structures which are part of mature adulthood. As the World Health Organization has not yet recognized Peter Pan Syndrome as a psychological disorder, the syndrome is not currently considered a psychopathology. Psychologists make a clear distinction between Peter Pan Syndrome and other, more serious, mental conditions involving adults who behave as children both emotionally and mentally. This is because it is often found that people suffering from Peter Pan Syndrome are mentally fully developed adults who often carry professional activities requiring strong intellectual skills. This syndrome is often associated with narcissism, although not in a negative way, self-centered sense. They are attracted to introspection in an attempt to find that imaginative comfort inside their own minds. On a positive sense this characteristic is seen as being in touch with the unbridled imaginational freedom of childhood. While succumbing to the prescribed order of things, most people forget all that they knew as an idealistic child, the eternal child is able to draw from their own raw, creative energy to remind us of how colorful life really is. Men suffering from the Peter Pan Syndrome display the following traits in their relationship with parents: Are obsessed with their mothers Have estranged relationship with the father They believe that it is not possible to obtain the fathers love and approval They have difficulty interacting with figures of authority Are not mature emotionally Exhibit silly behavior Hide their inner insecurity with macho attitude Males diagnosed with having this syndrome were found to exhibit the following psychological traits: Either exaggerated or paralyzed emotions Anger taking extreme form of rage Joy turning into hysteria Disappointment grows and develops into depression or self-pity As a result males diagnosed with this syndrome find it difficult to express love, refuse to share feelings, feel guilty and have difficulty relaxing. Men with Peter Pan Syndrome find it difficult to make genuine friends and as a result feel desperately alone. They dont feel sorry for inappropriate actions but blame others for their shortcoming. Males diagnosed with having this syndrome were found to exhibit the following psychological traits: Either exaggerated or paralyzed emotions Anger taking extreme form of rage Joy turning into hysteria Disappointment grows and develops into depression or self-pity As a result males diagnosed with this syndrome find it difficult to express love, refuse to share feelings, feel guilty and have difficulty relaxing and find difficult to make genuine friends and as a result feel desperately alone. This has a huge impact in Jims parents who are finding difficult to cope with all this matters, especially in during the winter. They are gradually worried about their ability to cope and what will happen with Jim when they die. They might feel a host of emotions: distress, vulnerability, anger, guilt and, surely they probably are exhausted. As an informal carer for several years, Jims parents revolved all their life on him, they devoted all their live to him. Like Jim who does not has friends (apart form his parents friends), some people that experienced the same condition as him generally have a very limited social network as well, and normally the people that they interact are mainly informal careers. 4 First of all Jims parents have take him to GP and if he is diagnosed with bipolar disorder, the GP will refer him to a psychiatrist (a medically qualified mental health specialist), psychotherapist and /or CPN. At his appointment he will be given an assessment. The psychiatrist will ask him a number of questions to determine whether or not he has bipolar disorder and, if he has, what treatments will be most suitable for you. He will be asked about his symptoms and when he first experienced them. The psychiatrist will also ask him, about how he, usually feel leading up to, and during, an episode of mania, or depression, and whether he has had thoughts about harming yourself or others. The psychiatrist will also want to find out about his medical background and his family history in order to determine whether any of your relatives has had bipolar disorder. If someone else in his family had the condition, the psychiatrist may wish to talk to them. After the assessment the psychiatrist will prescribe the right drugs and refer him to a psychotherapist. Psychotherapists work with individuals, couples, families and groups to help them overcome a range of psychological and emotional issues. With the client as an active participant, psychotherapists use personal treatment plans and a variety of non-medical-based treatments to: address the clients thought processes, feelings and behaviour; understand inner conflicts; find new ways to deal with, and alleviate, distress They take a variety of approaches according to the theoretical models they adopt and the therapy they practice. These talking therapies include: cognitive behavioural therapies; psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies; humanistic and integrative psychotherapies; systemic therapies; hypno-psychotherapy; experiential constructivist therapies. Community Psychiatric nurses (CPNs) would be helpful to Jim as they can visit him in his new house and provide him support through the difficult periods of his illness, they also will see him when is well to check that everything is okay and be the first point of contact if he becomes unwell again. The CPN will help Jim with his medication and make sure that he understands what he should be taking and when. They also help patients family (in this case Jims parents) and careers understand and cope with the illness. Jim and his parents would benefit of Occupational therapists (OTs) as well. An occupational therapist can have many different roles. They will help Jim and his parents (when he moves out of his parents house) to adapt to the new environment and to cope with their daily life .OTs may work in hospitals or in the community. They supervise and assess a persons ability to look after themselves, e.g. self-care, cooking and housework, I would like point out that Jim does not know how to cook, clean or do his laundry. . OTs work with both individuals and groups. They can set goals for individuals with depression to encourage them to achieve more than they have been able to do while ill. They might get patients involved in specific job-related training schemes to improve their decision making and planning about the future. Group work is often aimed at increasing peoples social interactions. OTs may use many different types of therapy on an individual or group basis, including cognitive behavi oural therapy and art and music therapy. They may also be involved in providing relaxation training to patients referred to them by the mental health team or GPs. Social workers are employed by social services rather than the health service. However, most mental health social workers are based in multidisciplinary community mental health teams. Social workers may see patients referred to the team by GPs. They are likely to be involved if patients have social problems, such as housing, money and work. They may provide counselling and advice or more specific therapies. They may control access to some services such as day centres, respite care, residential care and other community support services, eg home helps. A social worker will also provide Jim a supported tenancy service which will help and teach him how to gain his independence and improve his quality of life.

Analysis of Salman Rushdies Midnights Children Essay -- History Nati

Analysis of Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children employs strategies which engage in an exploration of History, Nationalism and Hybridity. This essay will examine three passages from the novel which demonstrate these issues. Furthermore, it will explore why each passage is a good demonstration of these issues, how these issues apply to India in the novel, and how the novel critiques these concepts. The passage from pages 37-38 effectively demonstrates the concept of history, as it foregrounds elements important to this issue. Rushdie, challenges the conventional modes of history through his self reflective narrative structure. The passage is a good demonstration of its topic as it illustrates the problems of re-writing history. His mode of writing attempts to encourage the reader to reconsider the valid interpretation of his history. Saleem writes â€Å"please believe that I am falling apart† ,as he begins â€Å"to crack like an old jug†, illustrating a sense of fragmentation of his story. This parallels the narrative structure of the novel as being circular, discontinuous and digressive. This fragmentation appropriates the concept of history, which was developed by colonisers. History works for a particular class of ideology, and therefore it will be contaminated, oblique and subjective. The ‘fictionality’ of history is grounded in the simple assumption that life is shaped like a story. For Saleem, who is â€Å"buffeted by too much history†, it is his memory which creates his own history. â€Å"Memory, as well as fruit, is being saved from the corruption of the clocks†. This reflects back to concepts of time and place. Yet, for Rushdie, it is not based on the universal empty time that has been conceptualised by the colonisers. Notions of time and space are integrated into his own history. The novel critiques concepts of history by challenging traditional conventions. Rushdie uses unreliable events to subvert official notions of history. For example, in his description of the Amrister Massacre he describes the troops that fire on the crowd as being white, when they were not. He does this perhaps to illustrate how much history is based on interpretation and ideology. It also illustrates how fact (written down as history), fails to take into account different notions of space and time. For example, in the pas... ...s, his biological father is a departing colonist. The passage on page 211 clearly demonstrates Saleem’s hybrid identity. He relates hybridity to history by entailing the hetreogeneity of memory. â€Å"Memory’s truth because memory has its own special kind† . For Saleem, his memory provides a search for the truth, rather than many truths. Saleem links his hybrid history to ‘chutney’ which illustrates the sign of a mixed identity. â€Å"Green chutney on chilli-pakoras† , this imagery of chutney runs throughout the novel and assist Saleem’s story. He later, uses this image to sum up his hybridise culture, which parallels â€Å"the chutnification of history† and â€Å"pickling of time†. Rushdie comments on the colonised mimicking the coloniser. Two histories have emerged together, which is filled with contamination as mimicry becomes a problem as it disrupts the power. This reflects, what Rushdie calls like ‘chutney’, a mixture of history, and nationalism that become so dense and enmeshed that they transform to create a new culture. Rushdie effectively tackles issues of post-colonial studies of history, nationalism and hybridity, and Midnight’s Children illustrates and challenges these concepts.

Review of Literature on Employ Satisfaction

Attention: Nadeem Yousaf Students:Noreen OrcineP12094955 Robert Ngu P11015920 Federico ColomboP12094924 Prakash Regmi P12094665 Sanjay Maharjan P12085525 Dewan Rahman P12094756 Philippe Colas P12094742 Course name: MSc. International Business and Management – 2013 Module name:Operations and Human Resource Management (Evening Class) Module Code:CORP 5041 Assignment: Group Critical Analysis Project Theme: Key factors of employee satisfaction and its impacts to company success.Word Count: 2917 words Articles Reviewed: The Impact of Age and Education on the Level of Satisfaction and Motivation Among Employees Employee satisfaction, intrapreneurship and firm growth: a model Job satisfaction and quality management: an empirical analysis Job Satisfaction in Public Sector and Private Sector and Private Sector: A Comparison The effects of commitment to corporate vision on employee satisfaction with their organization Implementing Quality Management Practices without Sacrificing Employe e SatisfactionThe relationship Between Pay satisfaction & Job Satisfaction Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction3 2. 0 Stimuli of Employee Satisfactions and Impact3 2. 1 Effects of Commitment to Corporate Vision on Employee Satisfaction4 2. 2 Pay Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction5 2. 3 Impacts of Age and Level of Education in Employee Satisfaction5 2. 4 Intrapreneurship and Firm Growth as a Factor of Job Satisfaction6 2. 5 Relationship between Quality Management and Job Satisfaction7 2. 6 Comparison of employee satisfaction between Public and Private Sectors8 . 0 Comparison, contradiction and Evaluation9 4. 0 Conclusion13 5. 0 References15 APPENDIX 119 1. 0 Introduction It is widely accepted that the employees’ job satisfaction is one of the most important elements of achieving success for an organization. In today’s organization, where company leadership is transforming from traditional styles to more collaborative style (Christensen, 2009), employee satisfaction is bei ng given due consideration based on the concept of happy people brings happy customers and growth (Blanchard, 2004).Though De Menezes (2012) found that the job satisfaction among employees have a clear and consistent connection to company's productivity, but Schein (1995) believes management has over time pondered on best practices that increases productivity and with numerous theories, espoused on the significance of people in organization, very few managers recognize employees as capital investment not as a cost to be controlled and minimized. In this paper many influencing factors of employee satisfaction will be analyzed combined with their affects to organizational success. . 0 Stimuli of Employee Satisfactions and Impact There are many factors that somehow intrinsically and extrinsically keep engagement in the process of employees’ job satisfaction. Herzberg’s Motivator-Hygiene theory identifies satisfiers or motivator factors as achievement, recognition, work it self, responsibility, advancement and growth, on the other hand, dissatisfiers or hygiene factors as company policy, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relationship at work, salary and benefits, and job security (Gitman et al 2008).Moreover, according to Lavigna (2010) ; De Menezes (2012) factors such as commitment to corporate vision, leadership, work life balance, training and education, participatory management and employee empowerment strongly contribute to employee satisfaction. This literature will be investigating and analyzing the factors such as age, level of education, intrapreneurship, pay satisfaction, quality management, commitment to corporate vision and aspect of public and private sectors. 2. Effects of Commitment to Corporate Vision on Employee Satisfaction The mission and vision statement of a company gives a sense of purpose, values, and behavioral standards; and increases employees’ focus on organizational strategy and direction (Slack et. al, 2010). While ascertaining employee satisfaction, companies need to show commitment by being effective, and show continuance commitment by encouraging workers to be attached emotionally to company’s values (Allen et al. , 1997).And to measure satisfaction in an organization, management commitment to achieving results motivates employees to perform better, according to Slack et al. (2010), henceforth commitment of organizations and employee satisfaction have a positive relationship with promise. There are two strong connections with employee satisfaction relating to employee rating of the company based on how committed it is to its philosophy of caring, sharing, trust and respect; and the ability of the company to compete with others. This was supported by Meglino et al. (1998) by stating that the relationship between effective communication, worker satisfaction and the level in which values and views of employees corresponds with each other creates an atmosphere of understandi ng a corporation that leads to improved performance and productivity among satisfied employees. 2. 2 Pay Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction Different people have different views on the source of their motivation to work. Here we find different contradictory results while one study suggests level of income increases the level of satisfaction and the other study finds no satisfactory correlations or different view of income’s importance.Some find job as a source of identity, but sometimes money actually is the commonly cited reason (Hulin, 2002 cited in Judge, et al. , 2010). Money cannot ensure the subjective well-being or happiness as finding shows that a lottery winner is no happier than before they won the lottery (Brickman, et al. , 1978 cited in Judge, et al. , (2010). Contradictorily, another report suggests that the richest Americans are happier than average ones (Cummins, 2000; Diener et al. , 1985 as cited in Judge et al. , 2010) and average Americans are happier than poor Americans.Overall it is assumed that, pay level is positively but not significantly correlated with both pay satisfaction and job satisfactions. 2. 3 Impacts of Age and Level of Education in Employee Satisfaction Satisfaction expresses the level of agreements between the expectations of a worker from his job and the reward that the job provides (Paul, 2012). Now, how does a factor like age affect the level of employee satisfaction? Kristin et al. (2004) cited in Paul (2012) found that the overall job satisfaction decreases after the age of 45;  perceptions of management fairness and problem resolution also decrease with age.It is generally believed that job satisfaction increases linearly with age (Clark et al, 1996). Paul (2012) discovered that age influences the level of motivation among employees, for instance, younger employees felt more motivated to extra work, while older employees were less eager to do so. Level of education is also one of the factors that can power th e way employee satisfaction is perceived. Paul (2012) stated that the level of motivation also varies with the educational qualification of the employees; for example, employees who have only matriculated were the most motivated about ork and taking extra work, on the other hand the most qualified employees of the organization were the most unwilling to take extra work, in comparison to the less educated ones. This finding is enriched by Metle (2001) and said that the job satisfaction declines with increasing levels of education. 2. 4 Intrapreneurship and Firm Growth as a Factor of Job Satisfaction Entrepreneurs within the organization are, in fact, the valuable assets in terms of company’s growth; and there is a direct relationship between intrapreneurship and job satisfaction in the context of productivity and growth, according to Antoncic et al. 2012), when key factors such as the level of employees general satisfaction with work, employee relationships, employee remunerat ions, benefits and organizational culture and employee loyalty are put to play together. An organization whose values and interest corresponds to that of employees needs, generally has a high employee satisfaction rate as reflected in the attraction selection attrition model (ASA); which states that, â€Å"people in an organization are unique in that they are the ones attracted to, chosen by, and who choose to remain with an organization† (Lievens et al. 1995).Employees of such caliber are a true competitive advantage of the company (Antoncic et al. , 2011). Intrapreneurs are considered to be entrepreneurs in an organization. It is the outcome of firms pursuing new opportunities through a gradual departure from the customary by encouraging employees to be innovative. To show how employee satisfaction result in growth, Shaw et al. (1998) as cited in Antoncic et al. (2011) examined practices where management instills the possibility of education and training, adequate pay, bene fits, encourage high level of motivation, and the willingness of employees to invest in their own knowledge and skills.This results to employee satisfactions that in turn increases performance, and contributes to company growth; therefore, job satisfaction and performance are strongly related as they both result to growth of the company (Antoncic et al. , 2011). 2. 5 Relationship between Quality Management and Job Satisfaction Employee satisfaction and quality management are thought to be correlated to some extent. Previous research studies on employee job satisfaction have ndeavored to find link between quality management and job satisfaction; for instance, Akdere (2009) cited in De Menezes (2012) found that customer satisfaction, which is the ultimate goal of quality management, is strongly associated with employee job satisfaction. Though number of research have been carried out in past to find this relationship yet there are mixed results. According to Guimareas (1996) cited in Mehra et al (2011), implementing a Total Quality Management program resulted in high job satisfaction, more job involvement, large organizational commitment and increased desire to stay in the firm.On the other hand, there are some other important aspects of quality management like cost reduction and increased productivity that can stress up employee and consequently might bring dissatisfaction to work. This argument was supported by Green (2006), Landsbergis et al. (1999) and Parker (2003) as cited in De Menezes (2012); and they said, â€Å"Performance gains may be achieved at the expense of employee well-being†. Moreover, Kivimaki et al (1997) cited in Mehra et al (2011) has also said that adopting Total Quality Management in an organization leads to decreased job satisfaction.Therefore, the total quality management of an organization can actually sometimes become the reason for not supporting employees to enjoy their work, however, Total Quality Management can be achieved in an organization without achieving complete employee satisfaction, for example, De Menezes (2012) found that there is no positive association between quality management and employee job satisfaction in many British workplaces in 2004.Total Quality Management is a management philosophy not a short term program or intervention skim that can be applied to organization across industries, cultures and nations but there should also be adjustment in Total Quality Management according to the structure of firms, strategy and environmental conditions to ensure that the employees are satisfied (Rungtusanatham et al, 2005 as cited in Mehra et al 2011). 2. 6 Comparison of employee satisfaction between Public and Private SectorsPublic and private sectors provide scopes in different ways, making it difficult to be pro or against the two very different administration forms. The Public sector is said to be more divided than organized due to the various sub divisions included in the operation of th e public sector and this division creates a problem in the long run; in contrast the Private Sector is also divided, yet it is divided into departments, which work closely with each other and have a coherent working structure (Kumari et al. 2011). Overall it can be said that while the the public sector has maintained the existing as well as the creation of new jobs throughout a recession, as the private sector significantly has significantly been cutting jobs since the dawn of the 2008 recession (Zuckerman, 2011). So, it can be understood that the Public sector jobs are generally more stable compared to the private sector, and this factor contributes to both positive and negative perceived job satisfaction in these two sectors.There are also different motivational reasons behind the employees’ choice of sector in which he or she wishes to work, and there are different expectations to be met by each sector in order to insure the employees’ ultimate job satisfaction. For example, Kumari et al. (2011) found that socio-economic and cultural structures of a country essentially lead citizen’s perception of job satisfaction in both public and private sectors. 3. 0 Comparison, contradiction and EvaluationMany studies previously done by several researchers found that the satisfaction among employees has clear and consistent connection to the company’s productivity and eventually the success of an organization largely depends on employee satisfaction (Hsu and Wang, 2008; Culbertson, 2009; and Korunka et al, 2003 as cited in De Menezes, 2012). In addition to that, Gregory (2011) has also identified that employee satisfaction is essential to the success of any business.For example, American budget airlines South-west Airlines, one of the most consistently successful airlines in the history of aviation, implies that employee satisfaction is one of the key components of its past, present, and future success (Cardy et al 2011). Although, many acad emics have found a correlation between employee satisfaction and organizational performance, there has been an opposition to this view and that has called for an extensive study, as employee satisfaction has little or no influence in the performance of an organization in certain industries.For example Ryanair, an European budget airlines, made financial gains without giving much attention to its employee; ‘‘the high employee turnover at Ryanair points to the dissatisfaction that the employees are experiencing and the common complaints of employees leaving Ryanair is the oppressive work environment and practices, low pay and the lack of training and development programs for employees’’ (Thinking Bookworm, 2012). This argument was appreciated by Mathieu et al (1990) as cited in Yee et al. (2008), where it was said that the employee satisfaction has little direct influence on business performance in most instances.From the perspective of strategic operations m anagement, Fisher at al. (1992) cited in Yee at al (2008) stated that employee satisfaction is not achieved without a cost, in a view of that fact, reducing expenses on employees is a viable choice for achieving operation efficiency. As reflected by De Menezes (2012), in which he ascertains that some aspect of total quality management such as cost reduction and increased productivity can stress up employee and consequently might bring dissatisfaction to work. This would mean that employee satisfaction and operation efficiency are inversely correlated.However, Mehra and Ranganathan (2011) suggest that implementing total quality management can have positive affect in job satisfaction if components like employee empowerment, teamwork, top management commitment can be developed within the organization. In the public sector, however, training and personal development was found to be the most important factor on employee satisfaction as training of workforce provides various benefits to o rganizations such as fewer production errors, increased productivity, decreased turnover and improved safety (Turkyilmaz, 2011).So it is true that, investment on employees’ training can also be fruitful to operation efficiency. When it is about the pay satisfaction it is said that high pay does not always lead to job satisfaction. Mondrow (2011), states that, pay may help to determine if an applicant accepts a job offer, but salary has little effect on one's job satisfaction. An individual can be satisfied with the amount of pay he/she is receiving but intrinsic rewards and culture-fit have been found to be better predictors of job satisfaction.Pay will not motivate employees and human resource professionals need to ensure that managers comprehend this. High level of pay does not ensure the happiness or satisfaction among employees as job satisfaction focus rather on culture and reward systems (Mondrow, 2011). To compare with Facebook, Google has paid lower wages to its emplo yees but providing vast benefits had caused employees to accept reduction on their wages because it provides them job satisfaction fostering by company culture whereas Facebook is found with less employees’ satisfaction though the level of pay is slightly higher (Huffingpost 2012).However, Pelit et al. , (2011) has said that though the unfair pay can be a negative aspect of employee satisfaction but correlation and regression analyses indicate that psychological and behavioral empowerment has a significant effect on job satisfaction, and the effect is much greater when psychological and behavioral empowerment are taken as a whole. To prove the importance of empowerment in the company’s success Eesley et al. 2006) has said that intrapreneurship is the practice of creating new business products and opportunities in an organization through proactive empowerment; and intrapreneurship is propelled by an individual's or a team's willingness to take calculated risks and act t o create business opportunities that serve an organization's needs for growth and improvement.The development of entrepreneurial activities and orientations in the organization are principally persuaded with the elements of employee satisfaction like general satisfaction with work; employee relationships; remuneration, benefits and organizational culture; and employee loyalty (Antoncic et al. , 2011). According to De Meneze (2012) it is anticipated that organizations where the work force is more satisfied will show higher levels of commitment to corporate vision, less absenteeism and a productive work force.On the other hand, in an interview (Appendix 1) Andersen said, â€Å"I don’t necessarily need a satisfied work force, because satisfied work force is just sitting and waiting around, and eventually they’ll be leaving. Here I want somebody who is hungry, eager, jumps out of the bed in the morning and rush to work to do a good job. † So in practical situations, organizations are not really pleased in having just satisfied employees, they’re akin to employees showing eagerness and desire to come to work for success.Earlier studies by Brown et al (1993) cited in Yee et al (2008) have also found that there is no clear relationship between employees’ satisfaction and performance. However, it is reasonable to think that in certain industries, where there is direct contact with customers, the relation of employee satisfaction to company’s success can be higher (Yee at al. 2008). For instance, studies by Wan (2006) in the U. S. forest products industry have shown that there were differences in job satisfaction of the employees across the different levels of income, occupation and age.Moreover, education and gender had no significant effects on job satisfaction. No evidence was found that higher levels of education were related to higher job satisfaction. 4. 0 Conclusion The correlation between employee satisfaction and diffe rent factors like age group and education level, entrepreneurship, quality management, public and private sector, corporate vision and pay satisfaction has been analyzed to evaluate the effect of job satisfaction in company’s success.Based on the research findings it is clear that there is positive affects in job satisfaction but it can be highly influenced by certain aspects like top management commitment, leadership style, motivation factors, organizational culture and external environment. Likewise, this literature found that employee satisfaction has shown to be a key success factor to most organizations. It is well documented that the more satisfied employees are, the more motivated they feel to perform at work, and ultimately reach company’s goals leading to corporate success.Motivational factors such as recognition of work, opportunity for advancement, professional growth and responsibility will remain the guiding principles of any firm that aims to achieve a pe rsonal growth and stability. However, it is still doubtful how relevant employee satisfaction is to bring success in certain circumstances or industries. Also, private and public sectors showed considerable differences in the level of overall job satisfaction that they derived from the facets of their jobs like motivational factors; working conditions; promotional opportunities; relationship with co-workers and job security.Some researchers have found that the correlation between employee satisfaction and an organizational performance do not always go hand in hand. As economies around the world encounter uncertainty in global markets and companies try to find different ways to reduce cost, which in many cases have resulted in the reduction of the work force. This has resulted dissatisfaction among the employees in various level. Nevertheless, this generation of unsatisfied employees has not yet shown clear repercussions in organization success.Although this topic can be controversia l, which generalize the scope of further research to understand how satisfied employees could lead to business success, and comprehend how different factors have higher influence on employee satisfaction. 5. 0 References Allen, N. J. , ; Meyer, J. P. (1997). Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Antoncic J. A, Antoncic, B. (2011) Employee Satisfaction, Intrapreneurship and Firm Growth; A Model. Industrial Management and Data System, Vol. 111 (4), p. 589-607 Blanchard, O. 2004) Happy Employees=Happy Customers, The Brand Builder Blog [Blog] 13 October 2005. Available at http://thebrandbuilder. blogspot. dk/2005/10/happy-employees-happy-customers. html [Accessed on 17th March 2013] Cardy, R. L. and Leonard, B. (2011) Performance Management: Concepts, Skills, and Exercises. Second Edition. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Christensen, T. W. , 2009. Crisis leadership: A study of Leadership Practice, Capella University. Clark, A, Oswald, A, an d Warr, P. (1996) is job satisfaction U-shaped in age? [Online] Available at http://iweb. swufe. edu. cn/jiarui/Management_Resources/ [Accessed on 13th March 2013]De Menezes, L. M. (2012) Job satisfaction and quality management: an empirical analysis. International Journal of Operations ; Production Management, 32(3), pp. 308-328. Eesley, D. T. and Longenecker, C. O. (2006). Gateways to Intrapreneurship. Industrial Management,  48(1), pp. 18-23,5. Gitman, L. J. ; McDaniel, C. D. (2008) The Future of Business: the essentials. 4th Edition. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Gregory, K. (2011), The Importance of Employee Satisfaction. Available at http://www. neumann. edu/academics/divisions/business/journal/review2011/gregory. df [Accessed on 15th March 2013] Huffingpost, (2012) Google trumps Facebook in employees’ satisfaction, Glassdor survey finds (INFOGRAPHIC). [Online] Available at: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/ [Accessed on 19th March 2013] Judge, T. A. , Piccolo , R. F. , Podsakoff, J. C. , ; Rich, B. L. (2010). The Relationships between Pay Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77, 157-167. Kumari, G. and Pandey, K. M. (2011) ‘Job Satisfaction in Public Sector and Private Sector: A Comparison’, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. , No. 3, pp. 222-228. Lavigna, B. (2010) Driving Performance by Building Employee Satisfaction and Engagement. Government Finance Review, 26(1), pp. 51-53. Lieven, F. , Decaesteker, C. , Coetsier, P. and Geirnaert, J. , (2001). Organizational attractiveness for prospective applicants: a person – organisation fit perspective. Applied Psychology: An International Review,  50(1), pp. 30-51. Mehra, S. and Ranganathan, S. (2011) Implementing quality management practices without sacrificing employee satisfaction. Production and Inventory Management Journal, Vol. 47, No. , 2011, pp69-79. Metle, M. K. (2001). Education, job satisfaction an d gender in Kuwait. International journal of human resource management,12(2), pp. 311-332. Mondrow, I. (2011) The relationship between pay and job Satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature. Imondrow. blogspot. dk, Perspective of Industrial/organizational psychology, [Blog] 23 Jan, Available at: http://imondrow. blogspot. dk/ [Accessed on 19th March 2013] Paul, T. (2012), The Impact of Age and Education on the Level of Satisfaction and Motivation Among Employees, IUP Journal of Management Research, Vol.XI No. 1 Peccei, R. and Lee, H. , 2005. The Impact of Gender Similarity on Employee Satisfaction at Work: A Review and Re-Evaluation. Journal of Management Studies,  42(8), pp. 1571-1592 Pelit, E. , Yuksel, O. and Yalcin A. , 2011. The effects of  employee empowerment  on employee job satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,  23(6), pp. 784-802. Ravlin, E. and Meligno, B. (1998) Individual Values in Organization: Concepts, Controversies and Research. Journal of Management, 24 (3), p. 351-389. Schein, E. H. 1995) Human Resouse Practices in Organisational Transformation: Are They Culture Specific? In: Mit sloan school of management, NDU-MIT annual conference. Singapore 1995. Slack, F. , Orife, J. N. , Anderson, F. (2010) Effects of Commitment to Corporate Vision on Employee Satisfaction with their Organization: An Empirical Study in the United States. International Journal of Management, 27 (3) Thinking Bookworm (2012) Management of Human and Organizational Resources. [Online] Available at http://thinkingbookworm. typepad. com/ [Accessed on 18th March 2013] Turkyilmaz, A. , Akman, G. , Ozkan, C. nd Pastuszak, Z. , 2011. Empirical study of public sector employee loyalty and satisfaction. Industrial Management + Data Systems, 111(5), pp. 675-696. Wan, Z. , L. E. Leightley. 2006. Job satisfaction and workforce demographics: A longitudinal study of the U. S. forest products industry. Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Research Bulletin FP 362, Mississippi State University. 7 pp. Yee, R. W. Y. , Yeung, A. C. L. , Cheng, T. C. E. (2008), The Impact of Employee Satisfaction on Quality and Profitability in High-contact Service Industries. Journal of Operationsl Management, 26, p 651-658Zuckerman, M. B. , 2011. The Great Jobs Recession Goes On. U. S. News ; World Report,  pp. 1 APPENDIX 1 Transcription of Interview Jakob Lyngso Andersen, 2013, FLSmidth Human Resource Group Manager Interview on Employee Satisfaction, Interviewed by Noreen S. Orcine (Personal), Valby, 14th March â€Å"We have of what we call a pretty engaged work force. Loyal and committed, and that’s what counts. I don’t necessarily need a satisfied work force, because satisfied work force is you know, is just sitting and waiting around or they’ll be gone. They need complaints. Here I want something or somebody

Role of a Leader in Change Process

Role of a Leader in Change Process The changing nature of the working environment in different organizations makes it important to have special leaders who are capable of convincing the rest of the workers to adapt to the changes. Individuals who are identified as leaders are expected to possess various qualities that enable them to influence change. A leader must be a person who can be trusted by the rest of the organization in initiating positive changes and ensuring that processes are carried out effectively.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of a Leader in Change Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leader of a change process analyzes the events that have been part of the history of an organization by looking at what caused them and their possible effects. By so doing, he is able to assist the organization to avoid repeating past mistakes in the future. Leaders do not only know what happens in the organization but are well informed of t he current trends. They consider the political and social issues that surround the organization and how these factors affect the change process. They have deep understanding of the causes of changes and respond to questions from other members of the organization. They provide solutions to problems facing by the rest of the organization members to make them feel part of the change process (Caeron Green, 2007). Responsibility of Leaders and HR managers in a Change Project Leaders and HR managers have different responsibilities in a change project. The first responsibility they have is that of analyzing the performance required in the change project. They have a responsibility of addressing internal and external players and stakeholders who are likely to affect the change project. Change projects are influenced by stakeholders from within and outside the organization. Some stakeholders may not be willing to support the change project hence they are likely to influence it negatively. I t is therefore the responsibility of leaders and HR managers to have quantitative knowledge of the team effort that will produce the highest level of success (ADB, n.d) The second responsibility of leaders and HR managers in a change project is identifying the priorities required to improve the performance of the teams. It is obvious that the success of the change project cannot be achieved through the effort of the leaders and HR managers alone. They need the efforts of other members of the organization in order for them to work as a team. The leaders and HR managers should have clear knowledge of the procedures being undertaken in the change project for them to have a vision of the direction being taken by the project.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third responsibility leaders and HR managers have in a change project is the assessment of the ability of part icipants in a change project to change. This responsibility is tied with the responsibility of assessing how the team involved in a change project is able to learn new skills. This is important for leaders and HR managers because a change project basically requires that the team members be able to adapt to new behaviors. Organization Tactics to Ensure Success in Change Process For change to be effectively implemented in an organization, certain tactics are important. The first tactic that is important in implementing change is for the organization to develop a communication plan. It is not possible for an organization to be involved in so much communication during a change initiative. A communication plan is important since it guides the organization throughout the process by communicating critical aspects of the process effectively. The second tactic that can be used by the organization in implementing change process is to predict the reactions of change. Changes are often accompan ied by varied reactions and an organization that predicts the reactions early enough is well prepared to deal with them. The third tactic an organization can use to implement the change process is to understand and make a plan of dealing with resistance. This will ensure that the organization is not caught unaware by resistance accompanying change (Biech, 2007). Reference List ADB. (n.d). Leadership and Change Management. Available from  https://www.adb.org/ . Biech, E. (2007). Tactics of Successful Change Manageent. Retrieved from web Caeron, E., Green, M. (2007). Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and. London: Kogan Page Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of a Leader in Change Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

A Clockwork Orange Essays

A Clockwork Orange Essays A Clockwork Orange Essay A Clockwork Orange Essay Later on In the film Alex gets arrested and put In prison. From there he volunteers to take part In a few experiments that will help condition him to turn from his violent ways. One experiment that is performed on Alex is an example of Aversion Therapy. Aversion Therapy is when a noxious or painful stimulation is applied while the patient behaves in the undesirable manner or is exposed and responding to stimulation associated with the symptom, and is discontinued when the behavior ceases or the relevant stimuli are removed (Jones, 1964). In this movie Aversion Therapy was portrayed when psychologists gave Alex a shot of experimental serum while forcing him to watch violent and disturbing images of things that he was involved in before he got arrested. The serum made Alex very sick while watching these images which later impacted the way he chose to live his life after he was cured. This is an example of Aversion Therapy. Whenever Alex was faced with a situation that involved violence he became sick which stopped him from being violent. Now although Aversion Therapy seemed to be A Clockwork Orange 3 successful at this point in the movie, it soon drove Alex crazy once he was set free and almost lead to his suicide. Alex was faced with many instances where because of his Aversion Therapy he became sick at even the thought of violence. The sickness became too great at one point and pushed Alex over the edge which made him jump out of a window, unfortunately not ending his life. This shows that in some ways Aversion Therapy can work and can cure someone of their illness, but on the other hand too much Aversion Therapy can really drive someone Insane! Human nature has long since been in question. Alex is an extremely interesting character. He is a brutal human being who evolves as a character only to fall back into his original state. Its almost as humans are a blank slate. They are subject to the environment around them and they are molded by that environment. Alex longs for power. When he has it, he wants more. Alex has an almost dictatorial presence about him. He lives a life with no discipline and unfortunately suffers the consequences. His longing for power leads to his downfall and horrific rehabilitation. Alex undergoes a terrifying reconditioning. Alex is strapped to a chair, drugged, and tortured. He is subject to the oppressive government in which he lives. Ales life takes a complete 180. Instead of being powerful, he is now powerless. Although Ales wrong doing is taken to an unimaginable extent, does he have the choice to be bad? Is the conditioning that he experiences morally right? Can people take away his free will? Free will, defined as freedom of action by Roy F. Bandmaster, is a central focus of Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange. Burgess decides to take a character who is, by most moral standards, evil, and transform him into the protagonist. At points in the novel, a reader forgets the horrific things that he does, and begins to feel sorry for him and the torture that he is experiencing. Alex is a tool of the government, manipulated into the person that they want him to be. He is horrifically brutalized. All of his free will is taken away. Alex is classically conditioned through the use off special drug. This drug causes him to become violently ill when witnessing, or even hinging about, violence, and specifically Ludwig Van, 9th symphony, 4th movement causes a big reaction. The conditioning was successful, and they then proceeded to release Alex back into the real world, where Alex is helpless due to his conditioning. The argument that Burgess is trying to make has nothing to do with Ales actions (Newman, Bobby 63). He is arguing that the higher power should not be allowed to take away a persons free will, no matter what their actions are. Free will is human right, that we all share. The relevance of A Clockwork Orange has not changed over time. Its principles still spark debate and discussion today as we evaluate the society that we live in. Free Will In Scientific Psychology) Free will has a relation the Anthony Burgesss title A Clockwork Orange. The mass, location and velocities of the planets as they travel in their orbits around the sun determine where they will be in a thousand, a million or a billion years from today, provided only that all the forces acting on them are properly accounted for. I en unless, once set In mouton, runs Its course Inex orably, Like a clockwork (K Just like how the universe has a course made for it, so does Alex. His life was like a clockwork, Just running its course. Much of our life is already determined for us. We are either helped or hurt by a great variety of factors. Race, class, ability, gender, and many more contribute greatly to what we can and cannot do. It is an unfortunate reality, and much more complex than Ales. Much of what we do now, right or wrong, is unconscious. We evaluate what is beneficiary to the betterment of the individual. The dynamic of our society has created this behavior. We are subject to, and targeted for a number of uncontrollable things. Alex had control over the things that he was doing, and then it was taken away from him. We have very limited control over what we do because society takes our free will away. Behaviorism has a relation to free will. Watson view on behaviorism is Psychology should embrace behavior as its subject matter and rely on experimental observation of that subject matter as its method (Moore 451). Also Watson published his paper Psychology as the Behaviorism Views It, and in this paper he states: Psychology as the behaviorism views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness (Harlem 6) the prediction Watson set the stage for behaviorism, which soon rose to dominate psychology. Watson went a little overboard in that paper. But on the good side, he attracted many enthusiastic followers, became the national interest, made headlines in national newspapers, and was the subject of many articles in popular periodicals. But then there were troubles that Watson experiment wasnt considered Science (Behaviorism For the New Psychology) Regarding A Clockwork Orange, would such a conditioning process really work? Even though whenever Alex was surrounded by violence he would get nausea, over time that would start to disappear due to the violence being to minor, or Just the fact that he would get used to the sickness. We never really know how Alex becomes De- conditioned. Alex has dreams of dirty water taken out of his body, and clean water being added, but thats as much as we get. While Alex was recovering from an attempted suicide, lying unconscious in a hospital bed, somehow the conditioning process was reversed. Even though it seems like Burgess consistency with the effectiveness of behavioral interventions didnt follow regulations, it seems as if he wanted to make a comparison with the way the government is in our lives. A Clockwork Orange is much less about violence and more Burgess reflection and evaluation on his own society. It is an extremely different and unique approach that he decides to take, and for a lot of people it is ineffective. Readers are disturbed by the graphic violence rather than sparked by his overall message. What Burgess is trying to do is show growth in a character and hope that one can change, but is masked Day ten Truculently secretive text Burgess Imagined Torture AT a torn state, decimated by violence and oppression, grabs a reader and truly changes them. It is hard to imagine that one will forget that they read A Clockwork Orange, but for the wrong reasons. Rather than recall the novels foundation, one will remember the aesthetics and how it was portrayed. ( Burgess and Behavioral Interventions) Free will was introduced from the beginning of the novella. From the first line of the book Whats it going to be then eh? demonstrating how Alex and his friends were free to do anything, to the title of the book being compared to the clockwork of the earth. (Burgess 1). The belief of being conditioned is sometimes hard to believe. Even though it is somewhat possible, it could only be taken so far. Trying to change the way Alex sees violence wasnt an easy process. Even though it might of worked, it couldnt of lasted forever. Bandmaster, Roy F. Free Will In Scientific Psychology.

Review of Stephanie McCurry's book MAsters of Small Worlds Essay

Review of Stephanie McCurry's book MAsters of Small Worlds - Essay Example McCurry’s thesis stresses quite frequently on the significance of the role of gender and the patriarchal nature of the yeoman society, which she portrayed as being almost characteristic to the low country yeoman society. McCurry’s thesis is well argued and some of her sources are well researched as well. But not all of McCurry’s arguments are convincing. In fact, in most cases McCurry provided very little pertinent evidence for her arguments. The concepts of political and social unity however have been presented with some well examined evidence such that they seem more plausible than McCurry’s other arguments which are not only based on insufficient data but are argued such that the concepts themselves are open to several interpretations. McCurry bases most of her arguments concerning the yeoman society on the Low Country’s geographical factors. However, one finds that McCurry, in her aim to explore the principles of the culture and structure of the yeoman society has attempted to broaden the geographical precincts of the low country. Perhaps McCurry felt compelled to do so in order to present pertinent data for her arguments. It might be that McCurry did not find enough data to back up her thesis and arguments. Extending the geographical area of the low country (to cover certain areas believed to be in the â€Å"Middle Country†) might have given McCurry the possibility to explore more evidence from those areas, thereby making her thesis a tad richer with weightier data. The extending of geographical boundaries also gave McCurry the opportunity of exploring the similarities and connections of the working relationships between wealthy slave owning families and the farming families with no slaves. The ideal example to justify the hypothesis that the extending of the low country topography gave McCurry more data to work with is the instance when McCurry used the personal diary of a woman (believed to be

Strategies for Prevention of Childhood obesity Essay

Strategies for Prevention of Childhood obesity - Essay Example Even though the major participants involved in the research were children with various cases and issues of obesity, the evaluation is going to be conducted using parents of children as the major respondents to the evaluation tool to be designed. The idea behind this is that the parents are in a better position to produce written answers to questions than the children. Moreover, most of the interventions that were designed were to be applied by the parents rather than the children since the children are constantly under the care of their parents (Harper, 2006). To this end, the parents are seen to be in a better position to feeding the researcher with critical data and information that borders on the health of their children. This notwithstanding, the children will not be excluded all together. This is because the researcher would need their involvement when it comes to quantitative data collection such as the measurement of their body mass index.Evaluation Data Collection Process The evaluation data collection is going to take place in two phases. First will be the collection of quantitative data including the measurement of the height, the weight and age of participants, who in this case will be the children. This will be followed by the distribution of questionnaire to the parents of the children. The question shall contain questions divided along three major lines as indicated in the methods in the table above will have to be submitted to the researcher.... To this end, the parents are seen to be in a better position to feeding the researcher with critical data and information that borders on the health of their children. This notwithstanding, the children will not be excluded all together. This is because the researcher would need their involvement when it comes to quantitative data collection such as the measurement of their body mass index. Evaluation Data Collection Process The evaluation data collection is going to take place in two phases. First will be the collection of quantitative data including the measurement of the height, weight and age of participants, who in this case will be the children. This will be followed by the distribution of questionnaire to the parents of the children. The question shall contain questions divided along three major lines as indicated in the methods in the table above. Ahead of the distribution of the questionnaire to the respondents, the researcher shall have a mini-conference with the respondent s to clearly define their role in the evaluation exercise, as well as address any issues that are unclear to them. With the consent of all respondents, a date shall be set when the completed questionnaire will have to be submitted to the researcher. Evaluation Data Analysis Plan On the first method which has to do with the adherence to specified eating pattern, questions will be asked based on the intervention, which defined a definitive dietary matrix or guide for the children. Parents will be asked to give a qualitative evaluation of how best they have stake to the plan by answering questions in a 4 likert scale namely â€Å"very often, often, not often,